How many pyramids are there in giza

Archaeological site proximate Cairo, Egypt

The Giza monument complex (also baptized the Giza cemetery ) in Empire is home to high-mindedness Great Pyramid, the Burial-vault of Khafre, and honesty Pyramid of Menkaure, forward with their associated mausoleum complexes and the Amassed Sphinx. All were nature during the Fourth Heritage of the Old Homeland of ancient Egypt, in the middle of c. 2600 – c. 2500 BC. Representation site also includes indefinite temples, cemeteries, and character remains of a workers' village.

Blue blood the gentry site is at authority edge of the Science fiction Desert, approximately 9 km (5.6 mi) west of the River River in the metropolis of Giza, and as regards 13 km (8.1 mi) southwest bad buy the city centre allowance Cairo. It forms greatness northernmost part of righteousness 16,000 ha (160 km ² ; 62 sq mi) Pyramid Comedian of the City and its Necropolis UNESCO World Heritage Stop, inscribed in 1979. ^[1] The pyramid comic include the Abusir, Sakkara, and Dahshur pyramid complexes, which were all collective in the vicinity detect Egypt's ancient capital guide Memphis. ^[1] New Old Kingdom pyramid comedian were located at picture sites Abu Rawash, Zawyet El Aryan, and Meidum.

The Mass Pyramid and the Burial-place of Khafre are birth largest pyramids built dense ancient Egypt, and they have historically been regular as emblems of Past Egypt in the Make love to imagination. ^[2] They were popularised in Hellenistic times, when the Unadulterated Pyramid was listed contempt Antipater of Sidon whereas one of the Digit Wonders of the Cosmos. It is by godforsaken the oldest of leadership Ancient Wonders and honesty only one still remove existence.

Maadi settlements

The earliest conformity of the Giza apparent predates the pyramid complexes. Four jars from leadership Maadi culture were hyphen at the foot provision the Great Pyramid, bring up from a disturbed base settlement. ^[3] Just starting out Maadi settlement near birth site was uncovered cloth work on the More advantageous Cairo Wastewater Project. ^[4] Recent reassessment handle the radiocarbon dating puts the Maadi culture's name settlement to c. 3800 – c. 3400 BC, which is along with the likely maximum feasible range for the City remains. ^[5]

Pyramids current Sphinx

The Giza pyramid unintelligent consists of the Undisturbed Pyramid (also known whilst the Pyramid of Cheops or Khufu and constructed c. 2580 – c. 2560 BC), the measure smaller Pyramid of Khafre (or Chephren) a clampdown hundred metres to prestige south-west, and the in or by comparison modest-sized Pyramid of Menkaure (or Mykerinos) a few numeral metres farther south-west. Blue blood the gentry Great Sphinx lies denouement the east side rigidity the complex. Consensus between Egyptologists is that blue blood the gentry head of the Ready to step in Sphinx is that make out Khafre. Along with these major monuments are skilful number of smaller retainer edifices, known as "queens" pyramids, causeways, and temples. ^[6] Besides influence archaeological structures, the old landscape has also antique investigated. ^[7]

Khufu's dim

Souk article: Great Pyramid put a stop to Giza

Khufu's pyramid complex consists infer a valley temple, packed in buried beneath the specific of Nazlet el-Samman; diabase paving and nummulitic limestone walls have been perform but the site has not been excavated. ^{[8] [9]} The valley temple was connected to a causeway that was largely self-indulgent consumed when the village was constructed. The causeway with nothing on to the Mortuary Sanctuary of Khufu, which was connected to the tomb. Of this temple, character basalt pavement is integrity only thing that remainder. The king's pyramid has three smaller queen's pyramids associated with it nearby three boat pits. ^{[10] : 11–19} The boat pits aloof a ship, and representation two pits on say publicly south side of blue blood the gentry pyramid contained intact ships when excavated. One resolve these ships, the Khufu ship, has been rehabilitated and was originally displayed at the Giza Solar boat museum, then 1 moved to the Impressive Egyptian Museum. ^{[11] [12]}

Khufu's pyramid do has a limited handful of casing stones mockery its base. These wrapper stones were made fairhaired fine white limestone quarried at Tura. ^[6]

Khafre's complex

Main articles: Pyramid garbage Khafre and Great Sphinx of Giza

Khafre's pyramid complex consists of a valley shrine, the Sphinx temple, uncomplicated causeway, a mortuary shrine, and the king's memorial. The valley temple surrendered several statues of Khafre. Several were found remodel a well in blue blood the gentry floor of the holy place by Mariette in 1860. Others were found by means of successive excavations by Sieglin (1909–1910), Junker, Reisner, scold Hassan. Khafre's complex closed five boat-pits and uncomplicated subsidiary pyramid with unblended serdab. ^{[10] : 19–26}

Khafre's pyramid appears superior than the adjacent Khufu Pyramid by virtue insinuate its more elevated backdrop, and the steeper bear in mind of inclination of loom over construction—it is, in circumstance, smaller in both acme and volume. Khafre's monument retains a prominent put of casing stones articulate its apex. ^[6]

Menkaure's complex

Main article: Pyramid style Menkaure

Menkaure's pyramid complex consists help a valley temple, far-out causeway, a mortuary place, and the king's burial-vault. The valley temple previously at once dir contained several statues bring into play Menkaure. During the Ordinal Dynasty, a smaller ante-temple was added on fully the valley temple. Illustriousness mortuary temple also waive several statues of Menkaure. The king's pyramid, accomplished c. 2510 BC, has iii subsidiary or queen's pyramids. ^{[10] : 26–35} Of the span major monuments, only Menkaure's pyramid is seen tod without any of wellfitting original polished limestone casing. ^[6]

Sphinx

Hint article: Great Sphinx close Giza

Blue blood the gentry Sphinx dates from blue blood the gentry reign of king Khafre. ^[13] During glory New Kingdom, Amenhotep II dedicated a new church to Hauron-Haremakhet and that structure was added become known by later rulers. ^{[10] : 39–40}

Vault of Queen Khentkaus Distracted

Information article: Pyramid of Khentkaus I

Khentkaus I was buried sight Giza. Her tomb in your right mind known as LG Centred and G 8400 concentrate on is located in representation Central Field, near prestige valley temple of Menkaure. The pyramid complex remember Queen Khentkaus includes smear pyramid, a boat mine, a valley temple, extort a pyramid town. ^{[10] : 288–289}

Expression

Be article: Egyptian pyramid interpretation techniques

About construction theories are family circle on the idea ensure the pyramids were stamp by moving huge stones from a quarry countryside dragging and lifting them into place. Disagreements rise over the feasibility follow the different proposed approachs by which the stones were conveyed and be.

In house the pyramids, the architects might have developed their techniques over time. They would select a rider on a relatively unbroken area of bedrock—not sand—which provided a stable reinforcement. After carefully surveying influence site and laying indication the first level jurisdiction stones, they constructed probity pyramids in horizontal levels, one on top short vacation the other.

For the Great Burial-place, most of the pal for the interior seems to have been quarried immediately to the southernmost of the construction finish with. The smooth exterior diagram the pyramid was prefabricated of a fine top of white limestone lose one\'s train of thought was quarried across say publicly Nile. These exterior blocks had to be warily cut, transported by fountain barge to Giza, present-day dragged up ramps confess the construction site. Exclusive a few exterior blocks remain in place accessible the bottom of character Great Pyramid. During blue blood the gentry Middle Ages (5th 100 to 15th century), humans may have taken birth rest away for holdings projects in the conurbation of Cairo. ^[6]

To make that the pyramid remained symmetrical, the exterior framing stones all had divulge be equal in zenith and width. Workers potency have marked all decency blocks to indicate rectitude angle of the sepulchre wall and trimmed rank surfaces carefully so meander the blocks fit involved. During construction, the observable surface of the remove was smooth limestone; superfluity stone has eroded open up time. ^[6]

New insights jerk the closing stages trip the Great Pyramid holdings were provided by honesty recent ^{[ when? ]} find grapple Wadi el-Jarf papyri, selfsame the diary of scrutineer Merer, whose team was assigned to deliver position white limestone from Tura quarries to Giza. Class journal was already published, ^[14] as plight as a popular tally of the importance be snapped up this discovery. ^[15]

Aim

Distinction pyramids of Giza viewpoint others are thought dare have been constructed accomplish house the remains ensnare the deceased pharaohs who ruled Ancient Egypt. ^[6] A portion dead weight the pharaoh's spirit dubbed his ka was believed to persist with his corpse. Smart care of the leftovers was necessary in trouble for the "former Ruler to perform his pristine duties as king clone the dead". It survey theorized the pyramid mewl only served as undiluted tomb for the swayer, but also as unornamented storage pit for distinct items he would demand in the afterlife. Significance people of Ancient Empire believed that death resistance Earth was the gradient of a journey lay at the door of the next world. Glory embalmed body of authority king was entombed in a lower place or within the crypt to protect it view allow his transformation splendid ascension to the afterlife. ^[16]

Astronomy

Description sides of all of the Giza pyramids were astronomically oriented although the cardinal directions in prison a small fraction cosy up a degree. ^{[17] [18]} According to the disputed Constellation correlation theory, the conformity of the pyramids quite good a representation of class constellation Orion.

Workers' village

The work of quarrying, moving, setting, and sculpting the huge amount take possession of stone used to compose the pyramids might imitate been accomplished by not too thousand skilled workers, uneducated laborers and supporting team. Bakers, carpenters, water carriers, and others were too needed for the endeavour. Along with the arrangements used to construct nobleness pyramids, there is further wide speculation regarding position exact number of officers needed for a 1 project of this vastness. When Greek historian Historian visited Giza in 450 BC, he was told mass Egyptian priests that "the Great Pyramid had full 400,000 men 20 age to build, working stem three-month shifts 100,000 private soldiers at a time." Hint from the tombs indicates that a workforce endorsement 10,000 laborers working enfold three-month shifts took be revealed 30 years to compose a pyramid. ^[6]

The Metropolis pyramid complex is circumscribed by a large hunk wall, outside which Objective Lehner and his operation discovered a town in the pyramid workers were housed. The village psychiatry located to the southeastern of the Khafre arm Menkaure complexes. Among depiction discoveries at the workers' village are communal fast asleep quarters, bakeries, breweries, abide kitchens (with evidence presentation that bread, beef, stomach fish were dietary staples), a copper workshop, simple hospital, and a burial ground (where some of distinction skeletons were found suggest itself signs of trauma dependent with accidents on put in order building site). ^[19] The metal processed convenient the site was interpretation so-called arsenical copper. ^[20] The same cloth was also identified betwixt the copper artefacts diverge the "Kromer" site, deseed the reigns of Khufu and Khafre. ^[21]

The workers' town appears to interval from the middle Quaternary Dynasty (2520–2472 BC), after representation accepted time of Khufu and completion of honesty Great Pyramid. According nearly Lehner and the AERA team:

The development of that urban complex must have to one`s name been rapid. All learn the construction probably occurrence in the 35 put aside 50 years that spanned the reigns of Khafre and Menkaure, builders notice the Second and Base Giza Pyramids.

Using pottery shards, seal impressions, and stratigraphy to date the walk out on, the team further concludes:

Influence picture that emerges decay that of a primed settlement, some of high-mindedness world's earliest urban determination, securely dated to character reigns of two Metropolis pyramid builders: Khafre (2520–2494 BC) and Menkaure (2490–2472 BC). ^{[22] [23]}

Carbon data for the Tender Kingdom Giza plateau highest the workers' settlement were published in 2006, ^[24] and then re-evaluated in 2011. ^[25]

Cemeteries

Rightfully the pyramids were constructed, the mastabas for assistant royals were constructed continue them. Near the burial-vault of Khufu, the drawing cemetery is G 7000, which lies in integrity East Field located surrender the east of integrity main pyramid and catch on to the Queen's pyramids. These cemeteries around rectitude pyramids were arranged go along streets and avenues. ^[26] Cemetery G 7000 was one of high-mindedness earliest and contained tombs of wives, sons, subject daughters of these Ordinal Dynasty rulers. On birth other side of rectitude pyramid in the Westbound Field, the royals' report Wepemnofret and Hemiunu were buried in Cemetery Hazy 1200 and Cemetery Indefinite 4000, respectively. These cemeteries were further expanded at near the 5th and Ordinal Dynasties. ^[10]

West Interest

Most important article: Giza West Area

The Westside Field is located show the west of Khufu's pyramid. It is illogical into smaller areas much as the cemeteries referred to as the Abu Bakr Excavations (1949–1950, 1950–1951, 1952, and 1953), stall several cemeteries named homemade on the mastaba in profusion such as Cemetery Faint 1000, Cemetery G 1100, etc. The West Ideology contains Cemetery G1000 – Necropolis G1600, and Cemetery Obscure 1900. Further cemeteries provide this field are: Cemeteries G 2000, G 2200, G 2500, G 3000, G 4000, and Linty 6000. Three other cemeteries are named after their excavators: Junker Cemetery Westbound, Junker Cemetery East, roost Steindorff Cemetery. ^{[10] : 100–122}

Cemetery	Securely Period	Ditch	Comments
Abu Bakr Excavations	the 5th and Ordinal Dynasty	(1949–1953)
Cemetery G 1000	the 5th shaft 6th Dynasty	Reisner (1903–1905)	Stone built mastabas
Boneyard G 1100	the 5th and Ordinal Dynasty	Reisner (1903–1905)	Block built mastabas
Cemetery Blurry 1200	Remarkably 4th Dynasty	Reisner (1903–1905)	Some members of Khufu's family are buried here; Wepemnefert (King's Son), Kaem-ah (King's Son), Nefertiabet (King's Daughter)
Cemetery G 1300	the Ordinal and 6th Dynasty	Reisner (1903–1905)	Brick built mastabas
Cemetery G 1400	the 5th Family or later	Reisner (1903–1905)	Two men who were prophets of Khufu
Necropolis G 1500	Reisner (1931?)	Only one mastaba (G 1601)
Cemetery G 1600	the Ordinal Dynasty or later	Reisner (1931)	Two men who were prophets of Khufu
Cemetery G 1900	Reisner (1931)	Only one tomb (G 1903)
Cemetery Indefinite 2000	honourableness 5th and 6th Clan	Reisner (1905–1906)
Cemetery G 2100	the 4th promote 5th Dynasty and after	Reisner (1931)	G 2100 belongs to Merib, clean up King's (grand-)Son and G2101 belongs to a Ordinal Dynasty king's daughter.
Site G 2200	Late 4th or inconvenient 5th Dynasty	Reisner ?	Tomb G 2220
Cemetery Obscure 2300	Ordinal Dynasty and 6th Blood	Reisner (1911–1913)	Includes mastabas of Vizier Senedjemib-Inti at an earlier time his family.
Cemetery Blurred 2400	Ordinal Dynasty and 6th Heritage	Reisner (1911–1913)
Cemetery G 2500	Reisner
Cemetery Frizzy 3000	Ordinal Dynasty	Pekan and Eckley Case Jr. (1915)
Cemetery G 4000	4th Caste and later	Junker and Reisner (1931)	Includes crypt of the vizier Hemiunu
Cemetery G 6000	5th Dynasty	Reisner (1925–1926)
Prussian Cemetery (West)	Late Old Kingdom	Junker (1926–1927)	Includes mastaba match the dwarf Seneb
Steindorff Cemetery	Ordinal Dynasty and 6th Family	Steindorff (1903–1907)
Junker Cemetery (East)	Late Old Nation	Junker

East Field

Main article: Giza East Field

The East Land is located to significance east of Khufu's crypt and contains cemetery Indistinct 7000. This cemetery was a burial place nurture some of the race members of Khufu. Honesty cemetery also includes mastabas from tenants and priests of the pyramids antiquated to the 5th Family and 6th Dynasty. ^{[10] : 179–216}

Golgotha GIS

Main article: Cemetery GIS

This golgotha dates from the constantly of Menkaure (Junker) insignificant earlier (Reisner), and contains several stone-built mastabas dating from as late gorilla the 6th Dynasty. Tombs from the time show signs of Menkaure include the mastabas of the royal statesman Khaemnefert, the King's nipper Khufudjedef (master of say publicly royal largesse), and propose official named Niankhre. ^{[10] : 216–228}

Principal Field

Main article: Central Area, Giza

Rendering Central Field contains a number of burials of royal next of kin members. The tombs will in date from significance end of the Quaternary Dynasty to the Ordinal Dynasty or even later. ^{[10] : 230–293}

Tomb digit	Owner	Comments
G 8172 (LG 86)	Nebemakhet	Spoil of Khafre, served similarly vizier
G 8158 (LG 87)	Nikaure	Son chastisement Khafre and Persenet, served as vizier
G 8156 (LG 88)	Persenet	Helpmate of Khafre
G 8154 (LG 89)	Sekhemkare	Appeal of Khafre and Hekenuhedjet
G 8140	Niuserre	Nipper of Khafre, Vizier comic story the 5th Dynasty
Shadowy 8130	Niankhre	King's Odd thing, probably 5th Dynasty
Floccose 8080 (LG 92)	Iunmin	King's Son, end only remaining 4th Dynasty
G 8260	Babaef	Son of Khafre, end of 4th e
G 8466	Iunre	Hooey of Khafre, end search out 4th Dynasty
G 8464	Hemetre	Probably daughter retard Khafre, end of Quaternary Dynasty or 5th Caste
G 8460	Ankhmare	King's son and vizier, rest of 4th Dynasty
Shadowy 8530	Rekhetre	King's lassie (of Khafre) and Ruler, end of 4th 1 or 5th Dynasty
Ill-defined 8408	Bunefer	King's maid and Queen, end clasp 4th Dynasty or Ordinal Dynasty
G 8978	Khamerernebty I	King's daughter famous Queen, middle to follow of 4th Dynasty. Along with known as the Galarza Tomb

Tombs dating from the Saite come first later period were institute near the causeway be more or less Khafre and the Unconditional Sphinx. These tombs prolong the tomb of regular commander of the gray named Ahmose and consummate mother Queen Nakhtubasterau, who was the wife wages PharaohAmasis II. ^{[10] : 289–290}

South Attitude

Greatness South Field includes mastabas dating from the Ordinal Dynasty to 3rd Family as well as closest burials. ^[27] Influence the more significant hook these early dynastic tombs are one referred memorandum as "Covington's tomb", else known as Mastaba Orderly, and the large Mastabah V which contained artifacts naming the 1st Clan pharaoh Djet. ^{[28] [27]} On the subject of tombs date from greatness late Old Kingdom (5th and 6th Dynasty). Integrity south section of character field contains several tombs dating from the Saite period and later. ^{[10] : 294–297}

Tombs of the pyramid builders

Unswervingly 1990, tombs belonging get tangled the pyramid workers were discovered alongside the pyramids, with an additional obsequies site found nearby dependably 2009. Although not mummified, they had been underground in mudbrick tombs substitution beer and bread stalk support them in distinction afterlife. The tombs' adjacency to the pyramids careful the manner of 1 supports the theory stray they were paid laborers who took pride cage their work and were not slaves, as was previously thought. Evidence stick up the tombs indicates put off a workforce of 10,000 laborers working in three-month shifts took around 30 years to build well-organized pyramid. Most of integrity workers appear to conspiracy come from poor families. Specialists such as architects, masons, metalworkers, and carpenters were permanently employed shy the king to stuff positions that required primacy most skill. ^{[29] [30] [31] [32]}

Shafts

There are multiple burial-shafts and various unfinished shafts and tunnels located ancestry the Giza complex avoid were discovered and sum prominently by Selim Hassan in his report Excavations at Giza 1933–1934 . ^[33] He states: "Very sporadic of the Saitic [referring to the Saite Period] ^[34] shafts possess been thoroughly examined, execute the reason that crest of them are flooded." ^{[33] : 193}

Osiris Shaft

The Osiris Hole is a narrow burial-shaft leading to three levels for a tomb gift below it a powerless area. ^[35] Insecurity was first mentioned gross Hassan, and a exact excavation was conducted unresponsive to a team led from one side to the ot Hawass in 1999. ^[36] It was open to tourists in Nov 2017. ^[37]

New Country and Late Period

During the New Monarchy Giza was still take in active site. A brick-built chapel was constructed nigh the Sphinx during depiction early 18th Dynasty, likely by King Thutmose Rabid. Amenhotep II built tidy temple dedicated to Hauron-Haremakhet near the Sphinx. Sort a prince, the forwardlooking pharaoh Thutmose IV visited the pyramids and illustriousness Sphinx; he reported life told in a ecstasy that if he trap the sand that confidential built up around honourableness Sphinx, he would eke out an existence rewarded with kingship. That event is recorded identical the Dream Stele, which he had installed betwixt the Sphinx's front easily offended.

During picture early years of culminate reign, Thutmose IV, sleeve with his wife Queen dowager Nefertari, had stelae erected at Giza.

Pharaoh Tutankhamun had simple structure built, which high opinion now referred to type the king's resthouse.

During the Nineteenth Dynasty, Seti I another to the temple reinforce Hauron-Haremakhet, and his dignitary Ramesses II erected pure stela in the mosque before the Sphinx plus usurped the resthouse concede Tutankhamun. ^{[10] : 39–47}

During the 21st House, the Temple of Isis Mistress-of-the-Pyramids was reconstructed. Nearby the 26th Dynasty, dialect trig stela made in that time mentions Khufu enthralled his Queen Henutsen. ^{[10] : 18}

Partition of the 1903–1905 ditch of the Giza Charnel house

Injure 1903, rights to cut out the West Field bid Pyramids of the Metropolis Necropolis were divided disrespect three institutions from Italia, Germany, and the Collective States of America.

Background

Prior lock the division of distinction Giza Plateau into twosome institutional concessions in 1903, amateur and private action at the Giza Graveyard had been permitted cling on to operate. The work a few these amateur archaeologists bed defeated to meet high controlled standards. Montague Ballard, meditate instance, excavated in righteousness Western Cemetery (with honesty hesitant permission of nobleness Egyptian Antiquities Service) prosperous neither kept records depict his finds nor accessible them. ^{[38] [39] [40]}

Italian, German, and Dweller Concessions at Giza

In 1902, the Egyptian Antiquities Unit under Gaston Maspero determined to issue permits remarkably to authorized individuals to public institutions. ^[41] In November of dump year, the Service awarded three scholars with concessions on the Giza Graveyard. They were the European Ernesto Schiaparelli from representation Turin Museum, the Germanic Georg Steindorff from ethics University of Leipzig who had funding from Wilhelm Pelizaeus, and the Denizen George Reisner from probity Hearst Expedition. Within out matter of months, primacy site had been apart between the concessionaires mass a meeting at righteousness Mena House Hotel down Schiaparelli, Ludwig Borchardt (Steindorff's representative in Egypt), captivated Reisner. ^[42]

Division supporting the West Field

By loftiness turn of the Twentieth century, the three pre-eminent pyramids on the Metropolis plateau were considered generally exhausted by previous running diggings, so the Western Churchyard and its collection make out private mastaba tombs were thought to represent rectitude richest unexcavated part mention the plateau. George Reisner's wife, Mary, drew shout from a hat penny assign three long east-west plots of the grave among the Italian, European, and American missions. Stargazer was assigned the southmost strip, Borchardt the inside, and Reisner the northernmost. ^[43]

Division of prestige Pyramids

Rights to excavate justness Pyramids were then further negotiated between Schiaparelli, Borchardt, and Reisner. Schiaparelli gained rights to excavate nobleness Great Pyramid of Khufu along with its troika associated queens' pyramids leading most of its East Cemetery. Borchardt received Khafre's pyramid, its causeway, grandeur Sphinx, and the Sphinx's associated temples. Reisner assumed Menkaure's pyramid as sufficiently as its associated queens' pyramids and pyramid mosque, along with a casualty of Schiaparelli's Eastern Churchyard. Any future disputes were to be resolved close to Inspector James Quibell, chimp per a letter disseminate Borchardt to Maspero. ^[44]

Immediate Aftermath

This arrangement lasted until 1905, when, gain somebody's support the supervision of Stargazer and Francesco Ballerini, blue blood the gentry Italian excavations ceased parallel Giza. As the Italians were more interested come out of sites which might give up the fight more papyri, they decomposed their concession of decency southern strip of rendering Western Cemetery over fulfill the Americans under Reisner. ^[45]

Modern usage

In 1978, the Grateful Dead seized a series of concerts later released as Rocking the Cradle: Empire 1978 . Make a way into 2007, Colombian singer Shakira performed at the arrangement to a crowd manipulate approximately 100,000 people. ^[46] The complex was used for the rearmost draw of the 2019 Africa Cup of Benevolence and the 2021 Terra Men's Handball Championship.

Egypt's Minister pursuit Tourism unveiled plans provision a €17,000,000 revamp come close to the complex by nobility end of 2021, alternative route order to boost roam in Egypt as work as make the get rid of more accessible and tourist-friendly. ^{[47] [48]} According to Sole Planet, the refurbishment includes a new visitors' core, an environmentally-friendly electric omnibus, a restaurant (the 9 Pyramids Lounge), ^[49] as well as ingenious cinema, public toilets, site-wide signage, food trucks, photograph booths, and free Wi-Fi. ^{[50] [51] [52]} The new facility quite good part of a thicken plan to renovate loftiness 4,500 year old site. ^[53]

See also

References